Pigeonhole & Guaranteed Outcomes

Worst-case distribution can prove what must eventually happen even when the exact arrangement is unknown.

What you'll learn

  • Distinguish a possible or likely outcome from a guaranteed outcome.
  • Construct the largest arrangement that still avoids the target event.
  • Use maximum safe count plus one to force a category past its limit.
  • Identify useful categories even when the exact arrangement is hidden.

Before you start

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